Prevention for cancer

Good night everyone!

Goodbye the day with a presentation that explains how we can prevent cancer: different methods, diets and habits.

It has conducted several studies in Peru, to get statistics:

Sedentary: A significant risk factor of cancer

The World Health Organization has warned since 2004 about the need to tackle the most important risk factors for cancer. Among the changes in the current lifestyle which may favor this disease, the increased sedentary life occupies a prominent role.

Patients after being diagnosed with cancer stop exercising, increase the risk of complications and the tumor reappear again.

There have been many studies on the relationship between cancer and physical activity, the conclusions are:

Ø  The level of scientific evidence on the role of physical activity as prevention factor is high and convincing, in cases of breast and colorectal cancer.
Ø  In cases of prostate cancer the level of scientific evidence is likely, and lung and endometrial only possible.
Ø  The beneficial effects of exercise in cancer prevention are dependent upon the total amount of exercise performed (hours and intensity). Thus, higher levels of physical activity, measured in hours practiced weekly, are associated with a lower incidence of certain cancers (breast, colon and prostate).
Ø  In previously treated patients, maintaining physical activity reduces the risk of recurrence and mortality.
Ø  In breast cancer patients undergoing hormone therapy with aromatase inhibitors practice of physical exercise it is essential.

Cancer and psychology

Cancer is a serious and complex sickness and has an evolution which the prognosis depends on the presentation stage causing a great physical, psychological and social impact in the people that suffer it, in his/her family, social environment and in the health team that assists them. Among the factors that affect the evolution and quality of the patients' life with cancer they are those that depend on the same illness, the treatments and the forecast. The psychological sequels more reported in the literature are symptoms of anxiety, depression, adaptation dysfunctions and delirium. Based in this, psychology has contributed with a subspecialty within the psychology of health: Psycho-oncology, that under takes charge the study of the bio-psycho-social factors affect the cancer morbidity and mortality, and the emotional reactions of the patients, family and professionals.

Infections

One in six cancers , a total of two million a year worldwide , is caused by infections that are treatable or preventable , according to a study published in the British medical journal The Lancet Infectious Diseases.

A team of researchers from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Lyon, France) examined the incidence of 27 cancers in 184 countries and found that there are four main infections that led to the development of these tumors. According to the results of their study, of the 7.5 million cancer deaths that occurred in 2008, around 1.5 million was caused by preventable or treatable infections. The hepatitis B and C, human papillomavirus, and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which infects the stomach lining and causes úlceras- were responsible for 1.9 million cases of cervical cancer, intestine and liver. The researcher Martyn Plummer, who led the study, stressed the importance it will have in the future to prevent these viruses to avoid cancer. "Infections caused by certain viruses, bacteria and parasites are among the leading causes of preventable cancer in the world," said Plummer. Here, Plummer recalled existing vaccines for hepatitis B virus and human papilloma and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, associated with tumors in the intestine, it can be eliminated with antibiotics. The researcher also defended the need to disseminate the concept of cancer as a communicable disease. Most cancers related to infection were recorded in developing countries, such as Southeast Asia, where 22.9% of cases were recorded compared with 7.4% in the UK. Nearly a third of the patients were under 50 years. Among women, the cervix accounted for half of all cancers linked to infection, while among men, cancers caused by infection mainly affected the liver, stomach and colon.

Perception of risk factors for cancer in the Spanish population

It seems interesting to discuss the most prominent risk factors in a study in which a Spanish population show their perception .

Objective To analyze the perception of the Spanish population of risk factors for cancer.

Methods Data were extracted from the OncoBarometro 2010 survey. Multivariate logistic models were applied to analyze the perception of the population on the importance of various risk factors: smoking, alcohol, sun, food, weight, sexually transmitted diseases, family history, radiation exposure, exposure to toxic substances and air pollution. The answers were rated on a 0 to 10 scale and were converted to low (0-6) and high (7-10) categories. The measure of association used was the prevalence ratio (PR).

Results The greatest importance was assigned to smoking (high importance: 83.1%), whereas the least importance was assigned to weight (26.5%). In general, the probability of perceiving risk factors as important was lower among men (PR sun: 0.87; PR sexually transmitted diseases: 0.78) and increased among people who received professional advice on cancer prevention (PR alcohol: 1.11; PR sun: 1.18; PR food; 1.31; PR weight: 1.92). In particular, knowledge of symptoms and extreme fear of cancer were associated with perceiving smoking as an important risk factor, whereas a high perceived vulnerability to cancer was associated with perceiving exposure to toxic substances, pollution and smoking as important risk factors.

Conclusions Greater awareness is required of the association of cancer with overweight and sexually transmitted diseases. The recommendations given by health professionals on cancer prevention are key to increasing the population's awareness of risk factors for cancer.

• Authors: Belén Sanz Barbero, María Eugenia Prieto Flores, Laura Otero García, Analía Abt, Mariola Bernal, Naiara Cambas

Sun Protection in Children: Realities and Challenges

We must be aware of the importance of sun from children to prevent diseases such as skin cancer.

Abstract One of the main goals of all skin cancer prevention campaigns is to protect children from ultraviolet radiation. However, little is known about how sun exposure risks differ between adults and children or about how these risks are best managed. Children's skin is more susceptible to sun damage for a number of reasons, including certain anatomical and functional aspects in children under 2 years of age and habits that predispose to greater sun exposure during the first 2 decades of life. Oil-based emulsions containing inorganic filters appear to be safest sunscreens for children, although the addition of certain organic filters is necessary to achieve a sun protection factor of 50. Oxybenzone, and probably also octocrylene, should be avoided in sunscreens for children. Sunscreen use should be part of an overall sun protection strategy that includes avoidance of exposure to midday sun and the use of protective clothing and hats.

The above considerations justify the implementation of primary prevention campaigns focused on sun protection education for children and the continuation of basic and epidemiological research into specific sun protection strategies and sunscreens for each age group.


Authors: Y. Gilaberte, J.M. Carrascosa Carrillo

DEPRESSION AND CANCER

Depression in people diagnosed with cancer

Cancer is a common disease . Although one can not speak of a concrete psychopathological profile in cancer patients , multiple emotional reactions in the disease process occurring in the individual. Anxiety and depression are the most common .In the health services has been observed connections between medical illness and psychological morbidity. The biological situation in some chronic diseases produces psychological symptoms than confused with the medical condition. A proportion of cancer patients develop psychiatric disorders following the diagnosis of cancer and requires treatment, because exist premorbidly or the increased strain as a result of the disease and its treatment. 

LUNG CANCER

The percentage of women smokers is still on the rise in Spain. If the current smoking patterns among women continue, the number of deaths will continue rising sharply over the next hundred years. There may be more female smokers than male smokers in the adult population in Spain in the near future. This review provides an update of current knowledge as to the impact cigarette smoking has on women’s health, the current patterns of use among them, the special factors which have a baring on their smoking and the difficulties they have when they are considering the possibility of or trying to quit smoking. We also suggest ways in which a minimum degree of counseling, behavior therapy and nicotine substitute can be incorporated as treatment strategies suited to the special needs of women smokers.

http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/resp/v74n1/mujeres.pdf

Lung cancer is the first cause of death in patients with tumor disease. Although smoking is the first risk factor, other factors (environmental, occupational, dietary and genetics) can also contribute in its development. Clinical symptoms frequently go undetected until the disease is advanced. The capacity of annual Low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) screening to reduce lung cancer mortality in high-risk patients is nowadays a field of great interest. In the last years, lung cancer treatment has improved dramatically, both in early stages of the disease, based on new techniques of radiotherapy in inoperable patients, as in the case of metastatic disease, with the discovery of molecular markers enabling a targeted and individualized therapy.

WITH TE SUN, PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE!

WITH THE SUN, PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE!

A recent study by Cancer Research UK warns that the UK is facing a "crisis" of cancer.

Although age is known as the biggest risk factor, certain lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, diet, tanning and sunburn and lack of exercise contribute to increase this statistic.

Prevention is better than cure and is best done as soon as possible, hence the importance of sun protection for children.

Security Code Sun outdoor children was developed by the Research Fund Myfanwy Townsend Melanoma, a very interesting and free initiative to protect children from sun exposure.

We must educate adults how damaging it can become the sun and children inculcate habits as SF + 15 at certain times of day.

Youth Sport Trust Association has produced a short film to raise the alarm of sunburn, with the goal of educating both adults and children and make their own decisions knowing the damage that the sun can cause.

http://www.sportandrecreation.org.uk/blog/guest-blog/05-02-2015/why-cancer-prevention-must-start-childhood