Cancer Association

Today we have many associations that are involved and help the fight against cancer. We highlight a charity event that takes several years to support this disease and we want to show a video about it.

It is very important the collaboration of these associations , because through them receipts are made to advance cancer research .

Perception of risk factors for cancer in the Spanish population

It seems interesting to discuss the most prominent risk factors in a study in which a Spanish population show their perception .

Objective To analyze the perception of the Spanish population of risk factors for cancer.

Methods Data were extracted from the OncoBarometro 2010 survey. Multivariate logistic models were applied to analyze the perception of the population on the importance of various risk factors: smoking, alcohol, sun, food, weight, sexually transmitted diseases, family history, radiation exposure, exposure to toxic substances and air pollution. The answers were rated on a 0 to 10 scale and were converted to low (0-6) and high (7-10) categories. The measure of association used was the prevalence ratio (PR).

Results The greatest importance was assigned to smoking (high importance: 83.1%), whereas the least importance was assigned to weight (26.5%). In general, the probability of perceiving risk factors as important was lower among men (PR sun: 0.87; PR sexually transmitted diseases: 0.78) and increased among people who received professional advice on cancer prevention (PR alcohol: 1.11; PR sun: 1.18; PR food; 1.31; PR weight: 1.92). In particular, knowledge of symptoms and extreme fear of cancer were associated with perceiving smoking as an important risk factor, whereas a high perceived vulnerability to cancer was associated with perceiving exposure to toxic substances, pollution and smoking as important risk factors.

Conclusions Greater awareness is required of the association of cancer with overweight and sexually transmitted diseases. The recommendations given by health professionals on cancer prevention are key to increasing the population's awareness of risk factors for cancer.

• Authors: Belén Sanz Barbero, María Eugenia Prieto Flores, Laura Otero García, Analía Abt, Mariola Bernal, Naiara Cambas

Sun Protection in Children: Realities and Challenges

We must be aware of the importance of sun from children to prevent diseases such as skin cancer.

Abstract One of the main goals of all skin cancer prevention campaigns is to protect children from ultraviolet radiation. However, little is known about how sun exposure risks differ between adults and children or about how these risks are best managed. Children's skin is more susceptible to sun damage for a number of reasons, including certain anatomical and functional aspects in children under 2 years of age and habits that predispose to greater sun exposure during the first 2 decades of life. Oil-based emulsions containing inorganic filters appear to be safest sunscreens for children, although the addition of certain organic filters is necessary to achieve a sun protection factor of 50. Oxybenzone, and probably also octocrylene, should be avoided in sunscreens for children. Sunscreen use should be part of an overall sun protection strategy that includes avoidance of exposure to midday sun and the use of protective clothing and hats.

The above considerations justify the implementation of primary prevention campaigns focused on sun protection education for children and the continuation of basic and epidemiological research into specific sun protection strategies and sunscreens for each age group.


Authors: Y. Gilaberte, J.M. Carrascosa Carrillo

Armstron "Cancer is the best thing that ever happened in my life "

We remember as a great athlete cancer survivor and the winner of the Tour de France on several occasions.

Armstrong overcame testicular cancer and yet has said on several occasions that the cancer has been one of the best things that ever happened in your life.

Lance Edward Armstrong (born September 18, 1971) is an American former professional road racing cyclist. He previously held seven consecutive Tour de France titles from 1999 to 2005, but was stripped of his titles in 2012 after a protracted doping scandal.

At age 16, Armstrong began competing as a triathlete and was a national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990. In 1992, Armstrong began his career as a professional cyclist with the Motorola team. He had notable success between 1993 and 1996, including the World Championship in 1993, Clásica de San Sebastián in 95, Tour DuPont in 95 and 96, and a handful of stage victories in Europe, including stage 18 of the 1995 Tour de France. In 1996, he was diagnosed with a potentially fatal metastatictesticular cancer. After his recovery, he founded the Lance Armstrong Foundation (now the Livestrong Foundation) to assist other cancer survivors.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lance_Armstrong

Gym program

There ara patients who should be supervised by a clinic or gym for an individualised exercise program.

Warm-up phase

Ø  5-10 minutes of low-intensity aerobic activity (walking, cycling or rowing).

Ø  Aerobic exercises.

Ø  A light stretching, concentrating on the muscles and joints involved in the training

Ø  program.

Specific phase

Aerobic exercises:

Ø  4-7 times per week.

Ø  30-60 minutes of walking, cycling, or rowing at 50-90% maximum heart rate (HRmax), or 40-85% heart rate reserve (HRR).

Ø  Exercise can be continuous or intermittent (minimum of 10-minute bouts).

Resistance exercises:

Ø  Exercises should be directed to the upper and lower limbs and trunk.

Ø  6-9 different exercises, with 60-90 seconds recovery between sets.

Ø  1-4 sets per muscle group, training at 50-80% of 1RM, or 6-10RM.

Ø  Program should be incremented as patients improve to maximise training response:

1.      Increase number of repetitions, from 6 to 12

2.      Increase number of sets, from 1 to 4.

3.      Increase the load or resistance and reduce the number of repetitions and sets.

We must combine resistance exercise 2-3 times per week with these exercises, not consecutively:

Ø  Chest press

Ø  Lat pull-down

Ø  Squat or leg press

Ø  Leg extension

Ø  Shoulder press or lateral arm raise

Ø  Leg curl

Ø  Seated row

Ø  Triceps extension

Ø  Biceps curl

Ø  Core stability exercises

We may also combine resistance training with the following routines, for 3-4 days a week.

ROUTINE A	ROUTINE B
Chest press	Leg press or squat
Biceps curl	Core stability exercises
Lat pull-down	Calf raise
Triceps extension	Leg extension
Shoulder press	Leg curl
Lateral arm raise	Hip extension
Seated row

Flexibility exercises

Ø  3-4 times per week.

Ø  2-4 sets per muscle group at 15-30 seconds stretching time.

Cool-down phase

Ø  Slow walking.

Ø  Light stretching. 

Components of an exercise session for cancer patients

Warm-up phase

Warm-up facilitates the transition from rest to exercise and may reduce the possible musculoskeletal injury by improving joint range of motion.

All exercise sessions should start with a low-intensity exercise during 5 or 10 minutes, incorporating light stretching exercises. Then, we could do the specific warming.

For example, patients who walk or jog might conduct a warm-up phase gradually increasing from a slow walk before initiating the training program.

Specific phase

Aerobic exercises:

Aerobic training includes 30-60 minutes of continuous or intermittent (minimum of 10-minute bouts

accumulated during the day) of aerobic activity training at 50-90% HRmax or 40-85% HRR.

Anabolic resistance exercises include performing 1-4 sets per muscle group training at 50-80% of 1RM or 6-10RM. The session should include 6-9 different exercises, with 60-90 seconds recovery between sets.

Anabolic exercises should generally follow these rules in terms of ordering:

• Large muscle groups first (for example, legs)

• Multi-joint exercises (for example, bench press) before single joint (elbow extension)

• Abdominal and lower back exercises after whole-body ground-based exercises such as

squat, dead-lift, bench press etc. This is to avoid fatiguing the muscle groups that stabilise and support the trunk.

Flexibility exercises:

It include performing 2-4 sets per muscle group at 15-30 seconds stretching time.

Cool-down

This phase provides a gradual recovery from the specific activity performed and includes exercises of lower intensities. The cool-down allows to bring the values of heart rate and the blood pressure at rest.

For example, we can use slow walking when completing higher intensity aerobic activity or light stretching when completing a resistance training session.

Role of antioxidants in the prevention of cancer

The importance of food antioxidants .

The nature of the association between free radicals and cancer is complex and paradoxical, as it seems that free radicals and oxidative stress can induce cancer, but at the same time the transformed cells, that is, the cancer cells generate more free radicals than normal cells. Endogenous antioxidant compounds, including glutathione and lysozyme, can limit the effects of oxidative stress, but these systems can be quickly saturated by high amounts of free radicals. It is important to increase the cellular levels of antioxidants that could provide protection against possible adverse agents that can cause a cell cancer. A good diet and the knowledge of several compounds of foods with antioxidant effects may be helpful to prevent cancer disease.


http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/revista?codigo=19951